How can a man check for infertility?

As we all know, the first problem that young couples have to face after getting married is having children. However, it is still difficult for some couples to have children, either because of female infertility or male infertility. Especially for men, if they lose their fertility, they will have a very serious inferiority complex, which is very dangerous. So, what methods can men use in life to detect their infertility?

Inspection test

1Semen analysis

Including semen routine and cervical mucus penetration test to understand the situation of sperm and seminal plasma

2. Measurement of reproductive endocrine hormones

The function of the gonadal axis is determined by measuring serum testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL) using radioimmunoassay.

3 Special inspection

Such as chromosome analysis, immunological examination, vas deferens imaging and testicular biopsy to help clarify the cause of infertility

Differential diagnosis

1. Obstructive azoospermia: The testicles are normal in size but there is no sperm in the semen; testicular biopsy shows that the spermatogenic epithelial cells are arranged in disorder and there is a relatively active spermatogenesis process; spermatograph can clearly identify the obstruction site

2. Spermatogenic cells have not developed. The testicles are normal in size but there are no sperm in the semen; testicular biopsy shows only columnar supporting cells but no spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules.

3. Hyaline degeneration of the seminiferous tubules. The testicles are normal in size but soft in texture and often accompanied by decreased libido. The absence of sperm in the semen may be secondary to non-specific inflammation such as mumps, testicular torsion, or the use of estrogen. Testicular biopsy showed that spermatogenic cells and supporting cells disappeared, and the lumen of the hyaline degeneration of the seminiferous tubules was closed and disappeared.

4. Spermatogenic cell maturation disorder. Testis size and texture are normal. Semen examination shows oligospermia. The cause is related to certain harmful substances in the environment (such as lead), industrial fumes (such as gasoline), high temperature and varicocele. Examination of testicular tissue shows that the spermatogenesis process is mostly stopped at the spermatocyte stage. There are very few spermatogenic cells that develop further in the seminiferous tubules.

5. Klinefelter syndrome: small and soft testicles, small amount of semen and no sperm. Testicular biopsy shows irregular interstitial cell clusters with occasional tubules composed of supporting cells.

6. Testicular development is blocked, manifested by small and soft testicles, small amount of semen and azoospermia. For example, if the gonadotropin secreted by the pituitary gland is insufficient before puberty, testicular biopsy will show that the seminiferous tubules are composed of undifferentiated primitive supporting cells and primitive spermatogenic cells, lacking interstitial cells. For example, if the testicles are atrophied after puberty due to pituitary lesions or excessive androgen or estrogen treatment, the early changes in testicular biopsy are thickening of the lamina propria and spermatogenic degeneration, and in the late stage, the seminiferous tubules are sclerotic and the interstitial cells are atrophied.

7. Testicular fibrosis, smaller testicles and hard semen with no sperm may be related to intratesticular infection; testicular biopsy revealed multiple scattered small scars in the stroma.